Reducing greenhouse gas emissions through the kyoto protocol pdf

The kyoto protocol is an international treaty extending the 1992 united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc which aims to reduce the effects of climate change like global warming. This leads to greater emissions, either directly from the release of f gases or indirectly through the energy used for the cooling technologies. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions through operations. For contrast, we consider a wellestablished corporation the largest in the world, as measured by revenue and a startup. Compared to the emissions levels that would occur by 2010 without the kyoto protocol, however, this. Kyoto protocol summary first international treaty on.

The objective of the kyoto protocol was to keep the global temperature rise below 2. Further efforts are, however, necessary to achieve absolute reductions in emissions. International approaches to reducing greenhouse gas emissions lawrence h. Climate change mitigation consists of actions to limit the magnitude or rate of global warming and its related effects.

Under the kyoto protocol most developed nations other than the us committed themselves to targets for cutting or slowing their emissions of the key greenhouse gases that cause climate change. It covers the accounting and reporting of the six greenhouse gases covered by the kyoto protocol carbon dioxide co 2, methane ch 4, nitrous oxide n 2. In 2012, australias greenhouse gas emissions totalled 600 mt co 2e, 2. Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions internationale. Global landuse implications article pdf available in science 3205882. The kyoto protocol is an international treaty which extends the 1992 united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that part one global warming is occurring and part two it is extremely likely that humanmade co 2 emissions have predominantly caused it. Greenhouse gas emissions and the role of the kyoto protocol. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions through operations and supply chain management page 3 integrating with them. Pdf reducing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation. Eu policies deliver greenhouse gas emission reductions. In 2002, the eu and its 15 member states at that time ratified the kyoto protocol, thereby committing to national targets as well as a joint target of collectively reducing the eus greenhouse gas emissions for the first commitment period 2008.

Rice oryza sativa l is the staple food of more than half the. To explore the economicpotential of biofuels in a greenhouse gasmitigation market, we incorporate data onproduction and biofuel processing for. What is the kyoto protocol and has it made any difference. According to germanys environmental protection agency, the uba, by 2050 we can expect f gas emissions to rise to the equivalent of 7. An international agreement that aims to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and the presence of greenhouse gases. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions through operations and. Many environmentalists and some developed nations appear to have concluded that there is one climate change problem, global warming, and that there is only one solution to it, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, usually through the kyoto protocol. The abovementioned action of the japanese government reflects the essence of the kyoto protocol.

Under kyoto, industrialised nations pledged to cut their yearly emissions of carbon, as measured in six greenhouse gases, by varying amounts, averaging 5. Global action on climate change committee on climate change. Strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from road. Nevertheless, the country planned to reduce the emissions intensity of its gdp by 33 to 35 percent by 2030 versus the 2005 levels. About 24 percent of the global population without access to electricity 304 million resided in india. The long roadtoward reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

This ghg protocol corporate standard provides standards and guidance for companies and other types of organizations2 preparing a ghg emissions inventory. A comprehensive summary of the kyoto protocol covering must know facts about it is provided below. The kyoto protocol is introduced in 1997 but developed countries. Use of biofuels diminishes fossil fuelcombustion thereby also reducing net greenhousegas emissions. The associated kyoto protocol is an international agreement that classifies countries by their level of industrialisation and commits certain countries to ghg emissionreduction targets. Protocol shall, at its first session or as soon as practicable thereafter, decide upon modalities, rules and guidelines as to how, and which, additional humaninduced activities related to changes in greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks in the agricultural soils. The kyoto protocol was adopted as the first addition to the united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc, an international treaty that committed its signatories to develop national programs to reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases. We analyze a number of policies embraced by the kyoto. The kyoto protocol is a protocol to the united nations framework convention on climate change, an international environmental treaty with the goal of stabilisation of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. On strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions pnas. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and grain arsenic and. The experience of two companies suggests how these steps can be taken.

By ratification of the united nations framework convention on climate change, a large majority of countries acknowledge that change in the earths climate and its adverse effects are a common concern for humankind, and that the ultimate objective of the convention is the stabilization of greenhouse gas. This paper argues instead that there are actually four major interrelated problems and. With the setting of such targets, emission reductions took on economic value. The goal of the kyoto protocol was to reduce worldwide greenhouse gas emissions to 5.

Reducing urban greenhouse gas footprints scientific reports. The government will attempt to increase carbon sequestration from the atmosphere. Countries that ratify the kyoto protocol are assigned maximum carbon. The main challenge is their substitution with lowcarbon energy sources. The agreement requires these countries to consider ways to minimize adverse effects on developing countries of these actions, transmitted through trade. A number of programs aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions have been proposed or enacted in the united states and other developed countries, including. If a country has difficulty reducing greenhouse gas emissions, it may purchase the right to emit greenhouse gas from another country that is expected to emit an amount of. The kyoto protocol was adopted in 1997 and it became law on february 16, 2005. Background to the enforcement of the kyoto protocol sapub. The united states was required to cut its green house gas emissions by 7% below 1990 levels. In this study the potential of material recovery subproject 3 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through two case studies are assessed and the. Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide co 2, methane ch 4, nitrous oxide n 2. Eora provides satellite data 63 for each country and sector including annual emissions of kyoto protocol greenhouse gases ghgs based on the doha amendment 64 co 2, ch 4, n 2 o, hfcs, pfcs, sf 6. It covers the accounting and reporting of the six greenhouse gases covered by the kyoto protocolcarbon dioxide co 2, methane ch 4, nitrous oxide n 2.

This book stresses the greenhouse gas emissions of the usa and china, and shows various ways to decrease greenhouse gas emissions. To help countries meet their emission targets under the kyoto protocol, and to encourage the private sector and developing. Overview of emission reductions required by the kyoto protocol. It was agreed on 11 december 1997 at the 3rd conference of the parties to the treaty when they met in kyoto, and entered into force on 16 february 2005 as of november 2007, 174 parties have ratified the. The plan is for countries who adopt the protocol to limit how much carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases they expel into the atmosphere. The protocol requires that developed countries cut their carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions by an average of 5.

The kyoto protocol is a protocol to the international framework convention on climate change with the objective of reducing greenhouse gases that cause climate change. Under the kyoto protocol, the worlds wealthier countries assumed binding commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. A major challenge facing global agriculture in the 21st century is the provision of sufficient, healthy food for the worlds growing population, while concurrently reducing its environmental footprint with the challenges of water scarcity, extensive degradation of soil and climate change foley et al. On strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Unfccc negotiations led to the kyoto protocol in 1997. Economic potential of biomass based fuels for greenhouse. Greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced, with a special emphasis on reducing the use of fossil fuels in favour of renewable energy sources and climatefriendly fuels. However, subsidies are neededto make agricultural biofuel productioneconomically feasible. According to the kyoto protocol countries must reduce total greenhouse gas emissions by 2012, compared to 1990 levels. The kyoto protocol commits annex 1 developed countries to reduce ghg emissions to 5 per cent below 1990 levels by 2012. Has the kyoto protocol made any difference to carbon.

Protocol for the quantification of greenhouse gas emissions from waste management activities version 5. International approaches to reducing greenhouse gas. The kyoto protocol was the first agreement between nations to mandate countrybycountry reductions in greenhousegas emissions. Kyoto treaty is an international agreement under united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc. This is an overview of the contribution of various countries to this total emission reduction. Pdf greenhouse gas emissions, global warming and climate. Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide co 2, methane ch 4, nitrous oxide n 2 o, perfluorocarbons pfcs. The kyoto protocol set a target for 37 industrialised countries to reduce their emissions by an average 5% below 1990 levels, for the period of 2008 to 2012. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions bristol myers squibb. Indias indc noted the challenges of eradicating poverty while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from aviation 2011 see bottom left. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. Japans total greenhouse gas emissions preliminary figures in fy2012 were 1,341 mt co2 eq. Fe30 2007 reducing greenhouse gas emissions by recycling.